Arora, B.B.; Chaudhary, S.D. 1990. Effect of spray dilutions on the efficacy of malathion against Thrips tabaci on onion crop. HARYANA JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES v. 19(1-2) p. 173-176.

Field experiment was conducted on onion crop to compare the effect of 250, 312.5, 375, 4375, 500, 562.5 and 625 L/ha spray dilution on the efficacy of malathion against Thrips tabaci L. Using manually operated knapsack sprayer. Efficacy of malathion significantly increased with successive increase in spray dilutions up to 500L/ha. Addition of teepol (0.02 percent) improved efficacy of malathion spray. (02414)

Bal, A.B. 1991. Action threshold for flower thrips on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in Senegal. TROPICAL PEST MANAGEMENT v. 37(4) p. 363-367.

Increasing yield of cowpea by 30-90 percent is possible in Senegal when the crop is sprayed once or twice in order to control flower thrips. Therefore it appears necessary to determine the action threshold for the dominant species of flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Tryb. Eight and 22 thrips per 25 flower buds and 150 thrips per 25 flowers were determined as the action threshold where a minimum of two sprays is needed. When only one spray is necessary during the flowering period, 90 thrips per 25 flowers is the suggested action threshold to protect flower buds as well as flowers from thrips attacks. (02728)

Dennill, G.B.; Erasmus, M.J. 1992. Basis for a practical technique for monitoring thrips in avocado orchards. CROP PROTECTION v. 11(1) p. 89-91. (02646)

Etienne, J.; van Waetermeulen, X. 1991. Thrips palmi (Karny) and the other pests of the eggplant in Guadeloupe. Caribbean Food Crops Society. Antilles Guyane (Guadelupe): INRA. Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting 1989; p. 398-410. (03513)

Franqui, R.A. et al. 1991. Advances in the control of Thrips palmi (Karny)(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Puerto Rico. Caribbean Food Crops Society. Antilles Guyane (Guadelupe): INRA. Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting 1989; p. 411-418. (03514)

Pollard, G.V.;. Guiseppi-Elie, A. 1981. Studies on the economic importance of the blossom thrips, Frankliniella insularis (Thripidae, Thysanoptera) on pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan, in Trinidad. TROPICAL AGRICULTURE (TRINIDAD) v. 58(3) p. 281-286. (00709)

Rosenheim, J.A. et al. 1991. Cucumber scarring by Thrips palmi and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). ADAP Crop Protection Conference Proceedings 1989. Honolulu (Hawaii): HITAHR. (HITAHR Research Extension Series; no. 134). p. 74-78. (06762/H01.J6)

Rosenheim, J.A. et al. 1990. Direct feeding damage on cucumber by mixed-species infestations of Thrips palmi and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY v. 83(4) p. 1519-1525. (00708)

Ryckewaert, P. 1989. Ways of control of populations of Thrips palmi (Karny) on vegetable crops in Martinique, French West Indies. Agricultural Research: Nov 1989. Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago): NIHERST. Proceedings of the Third Annual Seminar on Agricultural Research; v. 3 p. 80-85. (03781)

Shipp, J.L.; Zariffa, N. 1991. Spatial patterns of and sampling methods for Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: thripidae) on greenhouse sweet pepper. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST v. 123(51) p. 989-1000.

Intra-and inter-plant spatial patterns were determined for adult and immature western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergrande), on greenhouse sweet pepper at two commercial greenhouses using five sampling methods. The population density of the thrips was monitored biweekly for 4 months from May to August using blue sticky-traps, plant tappings, blossoms, plant leaves, and whole plants. The intra-plant spatial patterns of adult and immature populations of F. occidentalis were aggregated with the majority of the thrips collected from the top one-third of the plant. The inter-plant spatial patterns also were aggregated. The aggregation cluster for the adult thrips was at least three plants in size, although it was surmised to be at the individual plant level for immature F. occidentalis. The accuracy of the blue sticky-trap, plant tapping, blossom, and leaf samples was determined for monitoring the population densities of adult and immature thrips throughout the growing season. It was shown that leaves should be sampled from the middle section of the sweet pepper plant when using this sampling method. A precision-level sampling program was proposed for monitoring adult F. occidentalis on greenhouse sweet pepper. Sampling blossoms was the most cost-effective sampling method based upon time and number of samples for a specific precision level. (02190)

Talekar, N.S. (ed.). 1991. Thrips in Southeast Asia: proceedings of a regional consultation workshop, Bangkok, Thailand, 13 March 1991. Taipei (Taiwan): Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center. 74 p. (AVRDC Publication; (no.91-342)) (00275/H10.T3)

Welter, S.C. et al. 1990. Effects of Thrips palmi and Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on the yield, growth and carbon allocation pattern in cucumbers. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY v. 83(5) p. 2092-2101. (00612)