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Integrated Pest Management Bibliography

Gibbs, I. 1989. Control of the fall armyworm (an important pest of forage sorghum and corn in Barbados). St Michael (Barbados): CARDI. 4 p. (03459)

Guillebeau, L.P.; All, J.N. 1991. Use of pyrethroids, methomyl and chlorpyrifos to control fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in whorl stage field corn, sweet corn, and sorghum. FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST (USA) v. 74(2) p. 261-270.

It is important to identify new insecticides with efficacy for the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, to allow greater flexibility in management programs and to retard the development of resistance. Field trials showed all rates tested of the pyrethroid insecticides tralomethrin, flucythrinate, and cyhalothrin to be as effective as manufacturers' recommended rates of chlorpyrifos and methomyl against fall armyworm in whorl stage sweet corn, field corn and sorghum. Permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, fluvalinate and cyfluthrin gave erratic control of fall armyworm injury in field corn and sweet corn compared with chlorpyrifos and methomyl; these insecticides were comparable with other treatments against fall armyworm in whorl stage sorghum. (02192)

Hernandez, D. et al. Introduction of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hym: Scelionidae) for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lep. Noctuidae) in Yaritagua - Venezuela. AGRONOMIA TROPICAL v. 39(4-6) p. 199-205. (00228)

Marenco, R.J. et al. 1991. Residual activity of methomyl and thiodicarb against fall armyworm in sweet corn in Southern Florida. FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST (USA) v. 74(1) p. 69-74.

The residual activities of methomyl and thiodicarb were evaluated based on the control of fall armyworm larvae at various post-application intervals in laboratory bioassays with leaves of field treated sweet corn. Mortality of second and fifth instar larvae were not significantly different for either of the two insecticides. Foliage fed to larvae three h after application (day 0) resulted in 50 to 60 percent mortality for methomyl and 95 percent mortality for thiodicarb. Mortality resulting from methomyl residues ranged from 5-50 percent and 1-15 percent at 1 and 2 d post-application, respectively. Larvae exposed to thiodicarb treated foliage suffered 90 percent mortality for the first 4-5 d and 70-80 percent on the day 9. Thiodicarb residues induced about 50 percent mortality of fifth instar larvae on day 14. (02180)

Rajapakse, R.H.S.; Jayasena, K.W. 1991. Plant resistance and a biopesticide from lemongrass oil for suppressing Spodoptera litura in peanut. AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL (UK) v. 43(6) p. 166-167.

The susceptibility of Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) larvae to different concentrations of essential oils of lemongrass Cymbopogen citratus has been studied in southern Sri Lanka in relation to host plant resistance in peanut. In a field test comparing resistant and susceptible varieties of peanut, larvae developing on the most susceptible variety had the lowest mortality due to the biopesticide lemongrass oil. In laboratory tests, green pods of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties were incorporated into diets. Larvae treated with lemongrass oil before feeding showed significantly higher mortality on the diet containing resistant pods than on that containing susceptible pods. Thus the susceptibility of S. litura larvae to lemongrass oil was inversely related to the growth and vigour of the larvae, which was directly related to the susceptibility of the peanut. Therefore the biopesticide should be more effective when used on resistant varieties of peanut than on susceptible varieties. (01811)

Richter, A.R.; Fuxa, J.R. 1990. Effect of Steinernema feltiae on Spodoptera frugiperda and Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)in corn. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY v. 83(4) p. 1286-1291. (00607)

Santiago-Alvarez, C.; Ortiz-Garcia, R. 1992. Influence of host plant on the susceptibility of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)(Lep., Noctuidae) larvae to Spodoptera littoralis NPV (Baculoviridae, Baculovirus). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY (no. 114) p. 124-130.

The influence of 5 host plants, castor bean, alfalfa, mulberry, cotton and potato, on the susceptibility of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) was investigated. Median lethal doses (LD50's) of NPV were determined in third-instar larvae by a leaf-disk bioassay. Any statistically significant difference in the third-instar S. littoralis larvae susceptibility to the S. littoralis NPV was observed when fed on mulberry, cotton or potato. On the other hand the larvae were significantly less susceptible to the NPV when fed on castor bean then when fed on alfalfa, mulberry, cotton or potato and were also significantly less susceptible when fed on alfalfa than when fed on mulberry, cotton or potato. No differences were observed in the infection process due to the plant on which the NPV was presented. (03283)

Strand, M.R. 1988. Variable sex ratio strategy of Telenomus heliothidis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae): adaptation to host and conspecific density. OECOLOGIA v. 77(2) p. 219-224.

The sex allocation behaviour of the solitary egg parasitoid Telenomus heliothidis Ashmead was investigated by examine the response of females reared in isolation and under crowded conditions. Females reared in isolation adjusted their sex ratio with foundress and host number per patch in accordance with the predictions of local mate competition (LMC) theory. However, females did not shift their sex ratio in response to conspecifics foraging on the same host patch or to contact with previously parasitized hosts. Instead, shifts were associated with encounter rate and a sequence of oviposition. Females maintained under crowded conditions responded to host patches much differently. One-day-old females which had lived under crowded conditions for 24 h produced sex ratios similar to those of continuously isolated females. However, females reared under crowded conditions for 7 days consistently produced unbiased sex ratios, and exhibited a different sequence of oviposition. This shift appeared to be due directly to crowding rather than age, oviposition experience or sperm depletion since the effect could be reversed by subsequent isolation. (01336)

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