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Heliothis |
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Integrated Pest Management BibliographyGlazer, I.; Navon, A. 1990. Activity and persistence of ectomoparasitic nematodes tested against Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY v. 83(5) p. 1795-1800. (00479) Tillman, G.P; Powell, J.E. 1992. Intraspecific host discrimination and larval competition in Microplitis croceipes, Microplitis demolitor, Cotesia kazak (Hym.: Braconidae) and Hyposoter didymator (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), Parasitoids of Heliothis virescens (Lep.: Noctuidae). ENTOMOPMAGA v. 37(2) p. 229-237. Intraspecific host discrimination and larval competition were studied for Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, Cotesia Kazak (Telenga), and Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg), solitary endoparasitoids of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). In ovipositional choice tests between unparasitized and parasitized hosts, the mean number of ovipositions for unparasitized once by a conspecific female for C. kazak and H. didymator, demonstrating that females of these 2 species discriminate against hosts recently in oviposition occurred between these 2 kinds of hosts for M. croceipes and M. demolitor. Mean percent parasitization by a 2nd conspecific female was determined at 24, 48, and 72-h delays in time between the 1 st and 2nd female attack, and with no delay. Except for the 0 h time delay for C. kazak and H. didymator, percent parasitization by a 2nd conspecific female generally decreased as the delay in time between the 1 st and 2nd female attack increased. When the 2nd parasitization immediately followed the 1rst, one parasitoid larva always eliminated the other by physical combat. With a 24 or 48 h delay between the 1rst and 2nd parasitization, the younger larva was the victor over the older larva for M. croceipes, M. demolitor and C. kazak in at least 50 percent of the cases. Elimination H. didymator, the older instar was the victor, and elimination of younger larvae by older larvae was probably through physiological processes. Further, older larvae of H. didymator apparently killed the eggs of the 2nd female by physiological processes. (03256) |
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